They assume that the world must reach net zero emissions by 2050, and so the appropriate benchmark is whether all countries are reducing emissions and reaching zero by 2050. For climate change, 53 per cent of the weight is allocated to these trends, and another 36 per cent to whether the continuation of these trends brings a country close to zero emissions in 2050. Specifically, they rely heavily on the trend of greenhouse gas emissions by a country in the past decade as an indicator of progress. The Yale-Columbia researchers thus set themselves a near-impossible methodological problem to solve, and then proceed to make things worse with a really poor-even biased- choice of benchmarks. Unfortunately, the EPI 2022 produced by Yale and Columbia Universities is far from making even this modest contribution: The index is severely compromised by how it incorporates action on climate change mitigation.
At best, aggregate indices give a coarse picture: Top 20, middle of pack, or bottom 20, nothing more. We would argue that ranking countries is best done on some specific indicators such as urban air quality or domestic water pollution, for which metrics are relatively well-accepted and universal, and so comparisons are defensible. Arsenic is not counted by the EPI because it is not as widely prevalent as lead, which is included. For example, the EPI leaves out arsenic in water, which is a major threat in Bangladesh. Moreover, when ranking countries, one is essentially applying the same standard across vastly different socio-ecological contexts – this involves difficult choices. For example, indicators may focus on current rates of increase or decrease in environmental pressures (flows) - as the EPI does for carbon dioxide emissions and tree cover gains - but under-state the accumulated effect (stocks) that relates to actual harm, thereby ignoring past effects. In trying to quantify, aggregate and rank, index makers have to make judgements about what issues count, how they are best measured individually, and how much importance to give to each issue and indicator in aggregating. Who is first to find the solution?Ĭustomize the look of your oranges in an all-new dressing room and share your design with friends.Indexes are inherently problematic, especially when applied to something as multi-dimensional and complex as environmental performance. What a beautiful way of enjoying this awesome game! We want to keep this tradition alive with more puzzles to think outside the box. But this time, keep an eye on the background while the evil rain cloud passes by.Ī lot of users told us that they played 'Cover Orange' together with the whole family. We stayed true to the original: drag and drop various objects into the level to build a shelter and protect your oranges. Meet knight and pirate oranges on your way! Find out why Cover Orange was awarded IGN's coveted "Editor's Choice".Įnjoy travel through time, with each epoch having its own unique graphics and gameplay elements. We added new puzzle elements to the mix, like the trampoline, glass and the spike-ball. The acid rain cloud is after your oranges again!Įnjoy 300 clever levels with astounding new puzzles, each with its own 'Eureka Moment'. Revisit Cover Orange in this completely new and juicy sequel made by the original team.
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